地质钻探废弃冲洗液污染特性及脱稳技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

张统得  蒋炳  严君凤 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):134-139

废弃冲洗液无害化处理是落实绿色勘查理念的一项重要工作。通过室内测试分析与现场调研，对地质钻探不同领域的钻孔废弃冲洗液进行污染特性研究，了解其基本性质以及对环境的影响方式。结合湘桃地2井废弃冲洗液开展脱稳技术室内研究，对破胶剂及絮凝剂进行了优选，并获得了脱稳处理的基础配方。实验结果表明，经过处理后废弃冲洗液能实现快速脱稳絮凝，COD、悬浮物、色度等污染指标大幅下降，为下一步深度处理实现无害化排放创造了有利条件。  相似文献   

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity     

GU Yuantao  LI Xiaoxi  YANG Shuguang  WAN Quan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):280-289

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.  相似文献   

Combining two filter paper‐based analytical methods to monitor temporal variations in the geochemical properties of fluvial suspended particulate matter          下载免费PDF全文

R. J. Cooper  B. G. Rawlins  B. Lézé  T. Krueger  K. M. Hiscock 《水文研究》2014,28(13):4042-4056

Many of the commonly used analytical techniques for assessing the properties of fluvial suspended particulate matter (SPM) are neither cost effective nor time efficient, making them prohibitive to long‐term high‐resolution monitoring. We present an in‐depth methodology utilizing two types of spectroscopy which, when combined with automatic water samplers, can generate accurate, high‐temporal resolution SPM geochemistry data, inexpensively and semi‐destructively, directly from sediment covered filter papers. A combined X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy approach is developed to estimate concentrations for a range of elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Si, Ti) and compounds (organic carbon, Al_dithionate, Al_oxalate, Fe_dithionate, and Fe_oxalate) within SPM trapped on quartz fibre filters at masses as low as 3 mg. Calibration models with small prediction errors are derived, along with mass correction factor models to account for variations in retained SPM mass. Spectral pre‐processing methods are shown to enhance the reproducibility of results for some compounds, and the importance of filter paper selection and homogeneous sample preparation in minimizing spectral interference is emphasized. The geochemical signal from sediment covered filter papers is demonstrated to be time stable enabling samples to be stored for several weeks prior to analysis. Example results obtained during a heavy precipitation event in October 2012 demonstrate the methodology presented here has considerable potential to be utilized for high‐resolution monitoring of SPM geochemistry under a range of in‐stream hydrological conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

四川盆地下古生界硅质页岩层系中硅质来源及其对有机质保存的影响初探     

谢小敏  刘伟新  张瀛  赵迪斐  唐友军  申宝剑  李志明 《地质论评》2021,67(1):67020014-67020014

四川盆地下古生界两套硅质页岩层系是其重要的页岩气产层,五峰组—龙马溪组硅质含量与TOC及含气量呈正相关性,暗示硅质矿物对该地区页岩气的生成具有重要意义。但硅质来源复杂,且存在后期硅质流体的注入。因此,本文在总结前人的研究成果基础上,对四川盆地寒武系底部硅质岩系与五峰组—龙马溪组硅质岩系的硅质特征进行了详细的岩石学分析,揭示了3种硅质来源特征：①同沉积无机硅质流体;②生物硅;③后期无机硅质流体。其中寒武系底部以同沉积无机硅质流体与生物硅来源为主,同沉积硅质流体导致有机质快速石化埋藏,有机质内部结构及形态保存较好;五峰组—龙马溪组硅质来源以后期无机硅质流体与生物硅来源为主,有机质在保存过程中受硅质流体的影响很小,有机质腐泥化作用充分,内部结构和形态多数保存较差。该研究初步揭示了两套页岩层系的硅质发育岩石学特征,及其对有机质保存的影响,期望能为四川盆地两套页岩气储层差异性提供新的思路与基础地质数据。  相似文献   

安徽省大气颗粒物污染特征分析     

易明建  邓淑梅  汪水兵  卫尤文  戴海夏 《地球化学》2021,50(1):36-45

对2016年全年颗粒物监测浓度数据进行统计分析,得到了安徽省颗粒物污染的空间分布、浓度和粒径,以及污染传输特征。结果表明,淮河以北、沿江和江淮之间、长江以南和皖南山区城市颗粒物污染随地理位置不同表现出明显的区域化特征,污染程度由北向南减轻,污染过程明显表现出由北向南逐步扩散传输的规律,污染程度越重,污染深入南方的范围越广,持续时间也越长。冬季污染较重的城市,上午出现明显的高浓度时段,全天变化为“双峰双谷”型。夏、秋季节夜间细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度贡献比增加。PM2.5与PM10(可吸入颗粒物)质量浓度比值冬季最高,春季较低。污染重的城市冬季PM2.5占比高。  相似文献   

宣城地区龙潭组页岩沉积环境与有机质富集     

丁江辉  张金川  石刚  申宝剑  唐玄  杨振恒  李兴起  李楚雄 《沉积学报》2021,39(2):324-340

安徽宣城地区上二叠统龙潭组海陆过渡相页岩不仅是我国下扬子区重要的烃源岩,也是目前我国页岩气勘探的重要层位之一。为研究海陆过渡相页岩沉积环境与有机质富集的关系,以港地1井和两个露头剖面为研究对象,系统开展了有机地球化学测试、有机岩石学研究、氩离子抛光—扫面电镜观察、元素地球化学分析等工作。结果表明:下扬子宣城地区龙潭组页岩沉积时期处于暖湿型气候,沉积水体处于氧化—贫氧状态,具有高的生物生产力和沉积速率。海陆过渡相富有机质页岩的形成,不是由单一因素所决定的,而是由古气候、水体氧化还原性质、古生产力、沉积速率等多个要素相互配置与耦合的结果,这些因素都会直接或者间接地影响有机质的供给或者有机质的埋藏和保存。其中,温湿型气候不仅有利于陆源高等植物的生长,而且会促进生物地球化学作用,使得母岩化学风化程度加大,向水体输入的营养物质增多,有利于菌藻类等低等水生生物勃发,高等植物碎屑和低等水生生物共同为富有机质页岩沉积提供了丰富的有机质来源。宣城地区晚二叠世沉积时期,较高的古生产力为海陆过渡相富有机质页岩的形成提供了良好的物质基础,有机质产生后进一步埋藏和保存,虽然富氧水体环境不利于有机质保存,但高的沉积速率可以缩短有机质在富氧水体中暴露的时间,使得有机质来不及被氧化或分解,也可造成有机质的富集。  相似文献   

基于监测数据的全国地下水质动态变化特征     

殷秀兰  李圣品 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1356-1365

地下水质动态变化及其趋势研判是区域水资源调配决策的重要依据.本文以全国2007～2017年国家级地下水监测网水质数据为基础,结合典型地区的代表性监测组分超标特征及动态趋势,开展了地下水质动态变化过程研究,结果表明:全国地下水监测中以Ⅳ类水质点占比最大,其次为Ⅱ类水质点;Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质点数量较少,而且占比以降低为主,Ⅳ和Ⅴ类地下水监测点逐渐增加,其中Ⅳ类水质点的比例由40.50％增加至51.45％;全国地下水质主要的超标组分为pH、总硬度、总溶解性固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、高锰酸钾指数、铁、锰、氟化物、"三氮".以华北地区、华东地区、西南地区和西北地区为代表,分析研究典型地区地下水质的动态变化过程及其影响因素,结果显示,在地下水位变化较大的地区,地下水质状况随着地下水位变化明显,在地下水位波动较小的地区,地下水质状况也基本上变化较小.研究成果对于科学评价地下水资源、合理制定区域地下水开发利用规划、防治地下水污染等具有一定的指导作用.  相似文献   

Contrasting water–rock interaction behaviors of antimony and arsenic in contaminated rivers around an antimony mine,Hunan Province,China     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(2):125748

Although antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) exhibit similar geochemical behavior and toxicity in the environment, growing evidence suggests that their water–rock interaction behavior in contaminated rivers is quite different. Twenty-nine river water samples were collected between September and November 2018 from contaminated rivers around an antimony mine in Hunan Province, China. The concentrations of As and Sb were inversely proportional to the water flow distance. The rates and magnitudes of Sb decrease were more prominent than those of As. Silicate mineral dissolution from rocks such as silicified limestone increased the As and Sb concentration of in-mine-district (IMD) water. Dissolution of carbonate minerals, ion exchange, and competitive adsorption were the major water–rock interactions, resulting in rapidly decreasing As and Sb concentration in IMD direct impacted water and IMD indirect impacted water. The behaviors of As and Sb during water–rock interaction were dissimilar for areas dominated by carbonate and silicate minerals.  相似文献   

川西九龙地区锂铍矿区土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于沨  王伟  于扬  王登红  刘善宝  高娟琴  吕秉廷  刘丽君 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):408-424

川西九龙地区是近年来中国关键矿产资源勘查的热点地区之一,区内锂铍等稀有金属矿产资源优势突出,有望逐步发展成为国家级大型资源基地。作为长江上游生态保护屏障,该区生态环境脆弱,面对矿业开发的巨大机遇,在当前"环保优先"的现实情况下,急需摸清该区环境家底,支撑国家能源战略发展。本文用ICP-MS方法检测了该区352件土壤样品中7种重金属元素(Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn)的含量,运用地累积指数法、污染负荷指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和健康风险评价模型,结合GIS空间分析,综合研究了该区土壤中重金属的空间分布特征和生态风险。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤7种重金属元素浓度的平均值均没有超过国家农用土壤污染风险筛选值。As和Pb平均含量低于四川省土壤背景值,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn含量高于背景值,分别是背景值的2.44、1.04、1.15、1.28和1.17倍。(2)Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn六种重金属元素浓度的空间分布特征明显受到区内黑云母花岗岩的影响,Pb的高浓度中心以及Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn的低浓度中心与岩体的空间位置对应关系明显。(3)地累积指数法评价结果显示,研究区土壤区域整体上不存在重金属异常累积;污染负荷指数法评价结果显示污染负荷指数均小于1,不存在重金属的污染;除Cd存在轻微的潜在生态风险外,其余6种元素均不存在潜在生态风险。(4)健康风险评价模型分析结果显示,空间上,Cd元素的单元素潜在生态风险指数空间分布规律与岩体存在一定联系,无生态风险区域与黑云母花岗岩岩体位置对应。土壤中的重金属可以通过手口、呼吸和皮肤直接接触三种途径进入人体,其中手口途径是产生健康风险的最主要途径。在全部重金属元素产生的健康风险中,除Cr的手口途径会产生可以接受的正常的自然致癌风险外,其余元素均不存在致癌性和非致癌性。研究表明,当前研究区土壤不存在重金属污染,潜在危害程度较低,且不存在非致癌和致癌性风险。但基于土壤中重金属存在一定的累积效应,在今后矿业开发过程中要密切关注土壤重金属浓度的变化,防止重金属污染带来的风险。  相似文献   

长沙市固体废弃物处理场水文地质及环境效应评价          下载免费PDF全文

贺勇  李冰冰  朱考飞  李方志  张可能 《探矿工程》2021,48(4):110-115

为了解垃圾填埋场周边地下水环境污染状况,以长沙市固体废弃物处理场周边土壤、地下水及下游水库水质为研究对象,对研究区进行采样分析,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染综合指数法对该垃圾填埋场周边环境重金属含量特征进行分析与风险评价。结果表明：As、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu重金属是填埋场周边环境中的主要污染物,区域采样点及下游水库中重金属含量均值低于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,填埋场区污染状况良好;Cr（Ⅵ）含量在ZK1与R1样品中均高于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,是填埋场周边地下水的主要风险污染物;ZK1~ZK4中土壤重金属元素以Pb、Cr（Ⅵ）富集为主,其达中度污染程度,应引起重视。  相似文献